Re-structure code to multiple files.

Still have issue in breaking down code to Bindable/Drawable, while in Triangle it fails in link stage.
Only able to init3D and render single color in page.

PracticeDx/Bindable.cpp

+#pragma once
+#include "Bindable.h"
+
+ID3D11DeviceContext* Bindable::GetContext(Graphics& gfx) noexcept
+{
+	return gfx.pContext.Get();
+}
+
+ID3D11Device* Bindable::GetDevice(Graphics& gfx) noexcept
+{
+	return gfx.pDevice.Get();
+}
\ No newline at end of file

PracticeDx/Bindable.h

+#pragma once
+#include "Graphics.h"
+
+class Bindable
+{
+public:
+	virtual void Bind(Graphics& gfx) noexcept = 0;
+	virtual ~Bindable() = default;
+protected:
+	static ID3D11DeviceContext* GetContext(Graphics& gfx) noexcept;
+	static ID3D11Device* GetDevice(Graphics& gfx) noexcept;
+};
\ No newline at end of file

PracticeDx/Drawable.cpp

+#pragma once
+#include "Drawable.h"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+/*void Drawable::Draw(Graphics& gfx) const noexcept()
+{
+	for (auto& b : binds)
+	{
+		b->Bind(gfx);
+	}
+	gfx.DrawIndexed(pIndexBuffer->GetCount());
+}*/
+
+void Drawable::AddBind(std::unique_ptr<Bindable> bind) noexcept
+{
+	binds.push_back(std::move(bind));
+}
+
+/*void Drawable::AddIndexBuffer(std::unique_ptr<IndexBuffer> ibuf) noexcept
+{
+	assert("Attempting to add index buffer a second time" && pIndexBuffer == nullptr);
+	pIndexBuffer = ibuf.get();
+	binds.push_back(std::move(ibuf));
+}*/

PracticeDx/Drawable.h

+#pragma once
+#include "Graphics.h"
+#include <DirectXMath.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+#include "Bindable.h"
+
+class Bindable;
+
+class Drawable
+{
+public:
+	Drawable() = default;
+	Drawable(const Drawable&) = delete;
+	//virtual DirectX::XMMATRIX GetTransformXM() const noexcept = 0;
+	//void Draw(Graphics& gfx) const noexcept();
+
+	//virtual void Update(float dt) noexcept = 0;
+	void AddBind(std::unique_ptr<Bindable> bind) noexcept;
+	//void AddIndexBuffer(std::unique_ptr<class IndexBuffer> ibuf) noexcept;
+	virtual ~Drawable() = default;
+private:
+	//const IndexBuffer* pIndexBuffer = nullptr;
+	std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Bindable>> binds;
+};
\ No newline at end of file

PracticeDx/Graphics.cpp

+#pragma once
+#include "Graphics.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+/************************************
+* 构造函数Graphics
+************************************/
+Graphics::Graphics(HWND hWnd)
+{
+	// 初始化D3D
+    InitD3D(hWnd);
+}
+
+/************************************
+* 1 初始化D3D
+************************************/
+void Graphics::InitD3D(HWND hWnd)
+{
+    /************************************
+    * 1.1 CreateDeviceAndSwapChain
+    ************************************/
+    // create a struct to hold information about the swap chain
+    DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC scd;
+
+    // clear out the struct for use
+    ZeroMemory(&scd, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
+
+    // fill the swap chain description struct
+    scd.BufferCount = 1;                                    // one back buffer
+    scd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;     // use 32-bit color
+    scd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;      // how swap chain is to be used
+    scd.OutputWindow = hWnd;                                // the window to be used
+    scd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;                               // how many multisamples
+    scd.Windowed = TRUE;                                    // windowed/full-screen mode
+
+    // create a device, device context and swap chain using the information in the scd struct
+    D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(
+        NULL,                         // IDXGIAdapter *pAdapter - Let DXGI take care of what adapter to use (default adapter)
+        D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,     // D3D_DRIVER_TYPE DriverType - hardware or software, or others
+        NULL,                         // HMODULE Software
+        NULL,                         // UINT Flags
+        NULL,                         // D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *pFeatureLevels
+        NULL,                         // UINT FeatureLevels
+        D3D11_SDK_VERSION,            // UINT SDKVersion
+        &scd,                         // DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC *pSwapChainDesc
+        &pSwapChain,                   // IDXGISwapChain **ppSwapChain
+        &pDevice,                         // ID3D11Device **ppDevice
+        NULL,                         // D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *FeatureLevel
+        &pContext);                     // ID3D11DeviceContext **ppImmediateContext
+
+    /************************************
+    * 1.2 DefineRenderTargetView
+    ************************************/
+    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> pBackBuffer;
+
+    // 从SwapChain中取得back buffer
+    pSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (LPVOID*)&pBackBuffer);
+
+    // 根据back buffer，创建新的View Target
+    pDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer.Get(), NULL, &pTarget);
+
+    /************************************
+    * 1.3 DefineDepthStencilView
+    ************************************/
+    // Define depth stencil buffer
+    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11DepthStencilState> pDepthStencilState;
+
+    // Define depth stencil texture
+    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> depthStencilTexture;
+
+    // Create depth stencil state
+    D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC depthStencilDesc = {};
+    depthStencilDesc.DepthEnable = TRUE;
+    depthStencilDesc.DepthWriteMask = D3D11_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK_ALL;
+    depthStencilDesc.DepthFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_LESS;
+
+    // Create depth stencil state
+    pDevice->CreateDepthStencilState(&depthStencilDesc, &pDepthStencilState);
+
+    // bind depth state
+    pContext->OMSetDepthStencilState(pDepthStencilState.Get(), 1u);
+
+    // Create the depth stencil texture
+    D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthStencilTextureDesc = {};
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.Width = 800;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.Height = 600;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.MipLevels = 1u;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.ArraySize = 1u;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1u;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0u;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;
+
+    // Create texture
+    pDevice->CreateTexture2D(&depthStencilTextureDesc, nullptr, &depthStencilTexture);
+
+    // Create the depth stencil view
+    D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_VIEW_DESC depthStencilViewDesc = {};
+    depthStencilViewDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT;
+    depthStencilViewDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_DSV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
+    depthStencilViewDesc.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0u;
+    pDevice->CreateDepthStencilView(depthStencilTexture.Get(), &depthStencilViewDesc, &pDSView);
+
+    /************************************
+    * 1.4 DefineRenderTarget
+    ************************************/
+    // 将渲染目标设置成我们新创建的View Target
+    pContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1u, pTarget.GetAddressOf(), pDSView.Get());
+}
+
+/************************************
+* 2 渲染单帧
+************************************/
+void Graphics::RendorFrame(void)
+{
+    /************************************
+    * 2.1 ClearRenderTargetView
+    ************************************/
+    // clear the back buffer to a deep blue
+    const float color[] = { 0.0f, 0.2f, 0.4f, 1.0f };
+    pContext->ClearRenderTargetView(pTarget.Get(), color);
+
+    /************************************
+    * 2.2 ClearDepthStencilViews
+    ************************************/
+    // clear the depth stencil view
+    pContext->ClearDepthStencilView(pDSView.Get(), D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH, 1.0f, 0u);
+
+    /************************************
+    * 2.3 - 2.12 Repeat graphic objects
+    ************************************/
+    // do 3D rendering on the back buffer here
+    //drawObjects();
+
+    /************************************
+    * 3 DrawPrimitive
+    ************************************/
+    // switch the back buffer and the front buffer
+    // 切换显示，将back buffer的内容交换到front buffer
+    pSwapChain->Present(0, 0);
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file

PracticeDx/Graphics.h

+#pragma once
+#include <d3d11.h>
+#include <wrl.h>
+
+namespace wrl = Microsoft::WRL;
+
+class Graphics
+{
+	friend class Bindable;
+public:
+	// 构造函数
+	Graphics(HWND hWnd);
+
+	// 单例设计模式，禁止复制
+	Graphics(const Graphics&) = delete;
+	Graphics& operator=(const Graphics&) = delete;
+	~Graphics() = default;
+
+	// 初始化3大件，Device/SwapChain/deviceContext
+	void InitD3D(HWND hWnd);
+	void RendorFrame(void);
+
+	//void drawObjects();
+
+private:
+	// 指向Device的指针
+	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11Device> pDevice;
+	// 指向交换链的指针
+	wrl::ComPtr<IDXGISwapChain> pSwapChain;
+	// 指向Context的指针
+	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext> pContext;
+	// 指向View的指针
+	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11RenderTargetView> pTarget;
+	// 指向Depth Buffer View的指针
+	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11DepthStencilView> pDSView;
+};
\ No newline at end of file

PracticeDx/MyGraphics.cpp

+#pragma once
+#include "MyGraphics.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+/************************************
+* 构造函数Graphics
+************************************/
+MyGraphics::MyGraphics(HWND hWnd)
+{
+    // 初始化D3D
+    InitD3D(hWnd);
+}
+
+/************************************
+* 1 初始化D3D
+************************************/
+void MyGraphics::InitD3D(HWND hWnd)
+{
+    /************************************
+    * 1.1 CreateDeviceAndSwapChain
+    ************************************/
+    // create a struct to hold information about the swap chain
+    DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC scd;
+
+    // clear out the struct for use
+    ZeroMemory(&scd, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
+
+    // fill the swap chain description struct
+    scd.BufferCount = 1;                                    // one back buffer
+    scd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;     // use 32-bit color
+    scd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;      // how swap chain is to be used
+    scd.OutputWindow = hWnd;                                // the window to be used
+    scd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;                               // how many multisamples
+    scd.Windowed = TRUE;                                    // windowed/full-screen mode
+
+    // create a device, device context and swap chain using the information in the scd struct
+    D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(
+        NULL,                         // IDXGIAdapter *pAdapter - Let DXGI take care of what adapter to use (default adapter)
+        D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,     // D3D_DRIVER_TYPE DriverType - hardware or software, or others
+        NULL,                         // HMODULE Software
+        NULL,                         // UINT Flags
+        NULL,                         // D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *pFeatureLevels
+        NULL,                         // UINT FeatureLevels
+        D3D11_SDK_VERSION,            // UINT SDKVersion
+        &scd,                         // DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC *pSwapChainDesc
+        &pSwapChain,                   // IDXGISwapChain **ppSwapChain
+        &pDevice,                         // ID3D11Device **ppDevice
+        NULL,                         // D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *FeatureLevel
+        &pContext);                     // ID3D11DeviceContext **ppImmediateContext
+
+    /************************************
+    * 1.2 DefineRenderTargetView
+    ************************************/
+    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> pBackBuffer;
+
+    // 从SwapChain中取得back buffer
+    pSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (LPVOID*)&pBackBuffer);
+
+    // 根据back buffer，创建新的View Target
+    pDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer.Get(), NULL, &pTarget);
+
+    /************************************
+    * 1.3 DefineDepthStencilView
+    ************************************/
+    // Define depth stencil buffer
+    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11DepthStencilState> pDepthStencilState;
+
+    // Define depth stencil texture
+    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> depthStencilTexture;
+
+    // Create depth stencil state
+    D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC depthStencilDesc = {};
+    depthStencilDesc.DepthEnable = TRUE;
+    depthStencilDesc.DepthWriteMask = D3D11_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK_ALL;
+    depthStencilDesc.DepthFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_LESS;
+
+    // Create depth stencil state
+    pDevice->CreateDepthStencilState(&depthStencilDesc, &pDepthStencilState);
+
+    // bind depth state
+    pContext->OMSetDepthStencilState(pDepthStencilState.Get(), 1u);
+
+    // Create the depth stencil texture
+    D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthStencilTextureDesc = {};
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.Width = 800;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.Height = 600;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.MipLevels = 1u;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.ArraySize = 1u;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1u;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0u;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
+    depthStencilTextureDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;
+
+    // Create texture
+    pDevice->CreateTexture2D(&depthStencilTextureDesc, nullptr, &depthStencilTexture);
+
+    // Create the depth stencil view
+    D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_VIEW_DESC depthStencilViewDesc = {};
+    depthStencilViewDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT;
+    depthStencilViewDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_DSV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
+    depthStencilViewDesc.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0u;
+    pDevice->CreateDepthStencilView(depthStencilTexture.Get(), &depthStencilViewDesc, &pDSView);
+
+    /************************************
+    * 1.4 DefineRenderTarget
+    ************************************/
+    // 将渲染目标设置成我们新创建的View Target
+    pContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1u, pTarget.GetAddressOf(), pDSView.Get());
+}
+
+/************************************
+* 2 渲染单帧
+************************************/
+void MyGraphics::RendorFrame(void)
+{
+    /************************************
+    * 2.1 ClearRenderTargetView
+    ************************************/
+    // clear the back buffer to a deep blue
+    const float color[] = { 0.0f, 0.2f, 0.4f, 1.0f };
+    pContext->ClearRenderTargetView(pTarget.Get(), color);
+
+    /************************************
+    * 2.2 ClearDepthStencilViews
+    ************************************/
+    // clear the depth stencil view
+    pContext->ClearDepthStencilView(pDSView.Get(), D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH, 1.0f, 0u);
+
+    /************************************
+    * 2.3 - 2.12 Repeat graphic objects
+    ************************************/
+    // do 3D rendering on the back buffer here
+    //drawObjects();
+
+    /************************************
+    * 3 DrawPrimitive
+    ************************************/
+    // switch the back buffer and the front buffer
+    // 切换显示，将back buffer的内容交换到front buffer
+    pSwapChain->Present(0, 0);
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file

PracticeDx/MyGraphics.h

+#pragma once
+#include <d3d11.h>
+#include <wrl.h>
+
+namespace wrl = Microsoft::WRL;
+
+class MyGraphics
+{
+	friend class Bindable;
+public:
+	// 构造函数
+	MyGraphics(HWND hWnd);
+
+	// 单例设计模式，禁止复制
+	MyGraphics(const MyGraphics&) = delete;
+	MyGraphics& operator=(const MyGraphics&) = delete;
+	~MyGraphics() = default;
+
+	// 初始化3大件，Device/SwapChain/deviceContext
+	void InitD3D(HWND hWnd);
+	void RendorFrame(void);
+
+	//void drawObjects();
+
+private:
+	// 指向Device的指针
+	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11Device> pDevice;
+	// 指向交换链的指针
+	wrl::ComPtr<IDXGISwapChain> pSwapChain;
+	// 指向Context的指针
+	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext> pContext;
+	// 指向View的指针
+	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11RenderTargetView> pTarget;
+	// 指向Depth Buffer View的指针
+	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11DepthStencilView> pDSView;
+};
\ No newline at end of file

PracticeDx/PracticeDx.vcxproj

@@ -127,7 +127,14 @@
     </Link>
   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="Bindable.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="Drawable.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="Graphics.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="Graphics.h" />
+    <ClCompile Include="MyGraphics.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="Timer.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="Triangle.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="VertexBuffer.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="WinMain.cpp" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -151,7 +158,12 @@
     </FxCompile>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="Bindable.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="Drawable.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="MyGraphics.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="Timer.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="Triangle.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="VertexBuffer.h" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
   <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">

PracticeDx/PracticeDx.vcxproj.filters

@@ -24,6 +24,27 @@
     <ClCompile Include="Timer.cpp">
       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="Graphics.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="Graphics.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="Bindable.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="Triangle.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="VertexBuffer.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="Drawable.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="MyGraphics.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <FxCompile Include="PixelShader.hlsl">
@@ -37,5 +58,20 @@
     <ClInclude Include="Timer.h">
       <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="Bindable.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="Triangle.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="Drawable.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="VertexBuffer.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="MyGraphics.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>
\ No newline at end of file

PracticeDx/Triangle.cpp

+#pragma once
+#include "Triangle.h"
+#include "Bindable.h"
+#include "VertexBuffer.h"
+
+Triangle::Triangle(Graphics& gfx, float** position, float r, float g, float b)
+	:
+	r(r),
+	g(g),
+	b(b),
+	position(position)
+{
+	struct Vertex
+	{
+		struct
+		{
+			float x;
+			float y;
+			float z;
+		} pos;
+	};
+	const std::vector<Vertex> vertices =
+	{
+		{ position[0][0], position[0][1], position[0][2] },
+		{ position[1][0], position[1][1], position[1][2] },
+		{ position[2][0], position[2][1], position[2][2] }
+	};
+
+	//VertexBuffer vb(gfx, vertices);
+
+	//AddBind(std::make_unique<VertexBuffer>(gfx, vertices));
+
+	/*
+
+	auto pvs = std::make_unique<VertexShader>(gfx, L"VertexShader.cso");
+	auto pvsbc = pvs->GetBytecode();
+	AddBind(std::move(pvs));
+
+	AddBind(std::make_unique<PixelShader>(gfx, L"PixelShader.cso"));
+
+	const std::vector<unsigned short> indices =
+	{
+		0,2,1, 2,3,1,
+		1,3,5, 3,7,5,
+		2,6,3, 3,6,7,
+		4,5,7, 4,7,6,
+		0,4,2, 2,4,6,
+		0,1,4, 1,5,4
+	};
+	AddIndexBuffer(std::make_unique<IndexBuffer>(gfx, indices));
+
+	struct ConstantBuffer2
+	{
+		struct
+		{
+			float r;
+			float g;
+			float b;
+			float a;
+		} face_colors[6];
+	};
+	const ConstantBuffer2 cb2 =
+	{
+		{
+			{ 1.0f,0.0f,1.0f },
+			{ 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f },
+			{ 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f },
+			{ 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f },
+			{ 1.0f,1.0f,0.0f },
+			{ 0.0f,1.0f,1.0f },
+		}
+	};
+	AddBind(std::make_unique<PixelConstantBuffer<ConstantBuffer2>>(gfx, cb2));
+
+	const std::vector<D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC> ied =
+	{
+		{ "Position",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,0,0,D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0 },
+	};
+	AddBind(std::make_unique<InputLayout>(gfx, ied, pvsbc));
+
+	AddBind(std::make_unique<Topology>(gfx, D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST));
+
+	AddBind(std::make_unique<TransformCbuf>(gfx, *this));
+
+	*/
+}
+
+/*
+void Box::Update(float dt) noexcept
+{
+	roll += droll * dt;
+	pitch += dpitch * dt;
+	yaw += dyaw * dt;
+	theta += dtheta * dt;
+	phi += dphi * dt;
+	chi += dchi * dt;
+}
+
+DirectX::XMMATRIX Box::GetTransformXM() const noexcept
+{
+	return DirectX::XMMatrixRotationRollPitchYaw(pitch, yaw, roll) *
+		DirectX::XMMatrixTranslation(r, 0.0f, 0.0f) *
+		DirectX::XMMatrixRotationRollPitchYaw(theta, phi, chi) *
+		DirectX::XMMatrixTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, 20.0f);
+}
+*/

PracticeDx/Triangle.h

+#pragma once
+#include "Drawable.h"
+
+class Triangle : public Drawable
+{
+public:
+	Triangle(Graphics& gfx, float** position, float r, float g, float b);
+	//DirectX::XMMATRIX GetTransformXM() const noexcept override;
+private:
+	// positional
+	float** position;
+	// color
+	float r;
+	float g;
+	float b;
+};
\ No newline at end of file

PracticeDx/VertexBuffer.cpp

+#pragma once
+#include "VertexBuffer.h"
+
+template<class V>
+VertexBuffer::VertexBuffer(Graphics& gfx, const std::vector<V>& vertices)
+	:
+	stride(sizeof(V))
+{
+	D3D11_BUFFER_DESC bd = {};
+	bd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
+	bd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
+	bd.CPUAccessFlags = 0u;
+	bd.MiscFlags = 0u;
+	bd.ByteWidth = UINT(sizeof(V) * vertices.size());
+	bd.StructureByteStride = sizeof(V);
+	D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA sd = {};
+	sd.pSysMem = vertices.data();
+	GetDevice(gfx)->CreateBuffer(&bd, &sd, &pVertexBuffer);
+}
+
+void VertexBuffer::Bind(Graphics& gfx) noexcept
+{
+	const UINT offset = 0u;
+	GetContext(gfx)->IASetVertexBuffers(0u, 1u, pVertexBuffer.GetAddressOf(), &stride, &offset);
+}

PracticeDx/VertexBuffer.h

+#pragma once
+#include "Bindable.h"
+#include <wrl.h>
+#include <d3d11.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+class VertexBuffer : public Bindable
+{
+public:
+	template<class V>
+	VertexBuffer(Graphics& gfx, const std::vector<V>& vertices);
+
+	void Bind(Graphics& gfx) noexcept override;
+protected:
+	UINT stride;
+	Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Buffer> pVertexBuffer;
+};

PracticeDx/WinMain.cpp

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ namespace dx = DirectX;
 #include "Timer.h"  // to use timer
 Timer timer;
 
+#include "Graphics.h"
+#include "MyGraphics.h"
+#include <memory>
+
 /************************************
 * 1.1 CreateDeviceAndSwapChain
 ************************************/
@@ -649,24 +653,28 @@ int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
     AdjustWindowRect(&wr, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, FALSE);  // adjust the size
 
     // create the window and use the result as the handle
-    hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,
-        "WindowClass",    // name of the window class
-        "Our First Windowed Program",   // title of the window
+    hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
+        NULL,
+        "WindowClass",          // name of the window class
+        "Oasis Demo",           // title of the window
         WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,    // window style
-        300,    // x-position of the window
-        200,    // y-position of the window
-        800,    // width of the window
-        600,    // height of the window
-        NULL,    // we have no parent window, NULL
-        NULL,    // we aren't using menus, NULL
-        hInstance,    // application handle
-        NULL);    // used with multiple windows, NULL
+        300,                    // x-position of the window
+        200,                    // y-position of the window
+        800,                    // width of the window
+        600,                    // height of the window
+        NULL,                   // we have no parent window, NULL
+        NULL,                   // we aren't using menus, NULL
+        hInstance,              // application handle
+        NULL);                  // used with multiple windows, NULL
 
     // display the window on the screen
     ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
 
     // set up and initialize Direct3D
-    InitD3D(hWnd);
+    //InitD3D(hWnd);
+    //std::unique_ptr<Graphics> pGfx = std::make_unique<Graphics>(hWnd);
+    MyGraphics gfx(hWnd);
+    //Graphics gfx2(hWnd);
 
     // enter the main loop:
 
@@ -692,7 +700,8 @@ int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
         }
         else
         {
-            RenderFrame();
+            //RenderFrame();
+            gfx.RendorFrame();
         }
     }