add thread

03.Advanced/Thread.cpp

+#include <iostream>
+#include <thread>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+// 定义用于用法1的函数
+void foo(int tid, string name) {
+
+    string msg;
+    msg = "Thread " + to_string(tid) + " starting\n";
+    cout << msg;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+
+        msg = "Hello from foo " + to_string(tid) + ":"
+              + name + ":" + to_string(i) + " ending\n";
+        cout << msg;
+
+    }
+    
+    msg = "Thread " + to_string(tid) + " ending\n";
+    cout << msg;
+
+};
+
+// 定义用于用法2的函数对象
+class func_obj_class {
+
+    public:
+
+        // ()操作符重载
+        void operator() (int tid, string name) {
+
+            string msg;
+            msg = "Thread " + to_string(tid) + " starting\n";
+            cout << msg;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+
+                msg = "Hello from func_obj_class " + to_string(tid) + ":"
+                    + name + ":" + to_string(i) + " ending\n";
+                cout << msg;
+            
+            }
+
+            msg = "Thread " + to_string(tid) + " ending\n";
+            cout << msg;
+
+        }
+
+};
+
+int main () {
+
+    cout << thread::hardware_concurrency() << endl;
+
+    // 用法1: 通过指定函数名（函数指针），启动线程
+    thread func_t0(foo, 0, "first");
+    thread func_t1(foo, 1, "second");
+
+    // 用法2: 通过指定函数对象，启动线程
+    thread obj_t0(func_obj_class(), 2, "third");
+
+    // 用法3: 通过Lambda表达式，启动线程
+    // 定义Lambda表达式
+    auto f = [] (int tid, string name) {
+
+        string msg;
+        msg = "Thread " + to_string(tid) + " starting\n";
+        cout << msg;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+
+            msg = "Hello from auto_f " + to_string(tid) + ":"
+                + name + ":" + to_string(i) + " ending\n";
+            cout << msg;
+        
+        }
+
+        msg = "Thread " + to_string(tid) + " ending\n";
+        cout << msg;
+
+    };
+
+    // 使用Lambda表达式启动线程
+    thread auto_f_t0(f, 3, "fourth");
+
+    // 等待所有线程结束
+    func_t0.join();
+    func_t1.join();
+    obj_t0.join();
+    auto_f_t0.join();
+
+    cout << "main() exiting" << endl;
+
+}
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