#include "Graphics.h"
#include "dxerr.h"
#include <sstream>
#include <d3dcompiler.h>
#include <DirectXMath.h>

namespace dx = DirectX;

namespace wrl = Microsoft::WRL;

#pragma comment(lib,"d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"D3DCompiler.lib")

// graphics exception checking/throwing macros (some with dxgi infos)
#define GFX_EXCEPT_NOINFO(hr) Graphics::HrException( __LINE__,__FILE__,(hr) )
#define GFX_THROW_NOINFO(hrcall) if( FAILED( hr = (hrcall) ) ) throw Graphics::HrException( __LINE__,__FILE__,hr )

#ifndef NDEBUG
#define GFX_EXCEPT(hr) Graphics::HrException( __LINE__,__FILE__,(hr),infoManager.GetMessages() )
#define GFX_THROW_INFO(hrcall) infoManager.Set(); if( FAILED( hr = (hrcall) ) ) throw GFX_EXCEPT(hr)
#define GFX_DEVICE_REMOVED_EXCEPT(hr) Graphics::DeviceRemovedException( __LINE__,__FILE__,(hr),infoManager.GetMessages() )
#define GFX_THROW_INFO_ONLY(call) infoManager.Set(); (call); {auto v = infoManager.GetMessages(); if(!v.empty()) {throw Graphics::InfoException( __LINE__,__FILE__,v);}}
#else
#define GFX_EXCEPT(hr) Graphics::HrException( __LINE__,__FILE__,(hr) )
#define GFX_THROW_INFO(hrcall) GFX_THROW_NOINFO(hrcall)
#define GFX_DEVICE_REMOVED_EXCEPT(hr) Graphics::DeviceRemovedException( __LINE__,__FILE__,(hr) )
#define GFX_THROW_INFO_ONLY(call) (call)
#endif

Graphics::Graphics( HWND hWnd )
{
	// 交换链的参数定义
	DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd = {};
	sd.BufferDesc.Width = 0;
	sd.BufferDesc.Height = 0;
	sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
	sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 0;
	sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 0;
	sd.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
	sd.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
	sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
	sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
	sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
	sd.BufferCount = 1;
	sd.OutputWindow = hWnd;
	sd.Windowed = TRUE;
	sd.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
	sd.Flags = 0;

	UINT swapCreateFlags = 0u;
	#ifndef NDEBUG
	swapCreateFlags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
	#endif

	// for checking results of d3d functions
	HRESULT hr;

	// create device and front/back buffers, and swap chain and rendering context
	// 创建Device，SwapChain和Context
	GFX_THROW_INFO(D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(
		nullptr,
		D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
		nullptr,
		swapCreateFlags,
		nullptr,
		0,
		D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
		&sd,
		&pSwap,
		&pDevice,
		nullptr,
		&pContext
	));

	// gain access to texture subresource in swap chain (back buffer)
	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11Resource> pBackBuffer;
	GFX_THROW_INFO(pSwap->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Resource), &pBackBuffer));
	GFX_THROW_INFO(pDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer.Get(), nullptr, &pTarget));

	// Create depth stencil state
	D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC depthStencilDesc = {};
	depthStencilDesc.DepthEnable = TRUE;
	depthStencilDesc.DepthWriteMask = D3D11_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK_ALL;
	depthStencilDesc.DepthFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_LESS;
	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11DepthStencilState> pDepthStencilState;
	// Create depth stencil state
	GFX_THROW_INFO(pDevice->CreateDepthStencilState(&depthStencilDesc, &pDepthStencilState));

	// bind depth state
	pContext->OMSetDepthStencilState(pDepthStencilState.Get(), 1u);

	// Create the depth stencil texture
	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> depthStencilTexture;
	D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthStencilTextureDesc = {};
	depthStencilTextureDesc.Width = 800;
	depthStencilTextureDesc.Height = 600;
	depthStencilTextureDesc.MipLevels = 1u;
	depthStencilTextureDesc.ArraySize = 1u;
	depthStencilTextureDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT;
	depthStencilTextureDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1u;
	depthStencilTextureDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0u;
	depthStencilTextureDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
	depthStencilTextureDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;
	GFX_THROW_INFO(pDevice->CreateTexture2D(&depthStencilTextureDesc, nullptr, &depthStencilTexture));

	// Create the depth stencil view
	D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_VIEW_DESC depthStencilViewDesc = {};
	depthStencilViewDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT;
	depthStencilViewDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_DSV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
	depthStencilViewDesc.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0u;
	GFX_THROW_INFO(pDevice->CreateDepthStencilView(depthStencilTexture.Get(), &depthStencilViewDesc, &pDSView));

	// Bind depth stencil view to out put merger
	pContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1u, pTarget.GetAddressOf(), pDSView.Get());
}

void Graphics::EndFrame()
{
	// flipping，使用SwapChain将back buffer的内容展现到屏幕
	HRESULT hr;
	#ifndef NDEBUG
	infoManager.Set();
	#endif
	if (FAILED(hr = pSwap->Present(1u, 0u))) // 同步频率1，代表屏幕每刷新一次，就进行图形刷新。
	{
		if (hr == DXGI_ERROR_DEVICE_REMOVED)
		{
			throw GFX_DEVICE_REMOVED_EXCEPT(pDevice->GetDeviceRemovedReason());
		}
		else
		{
			throw GFX_EXCEPT(hr);
		}
	}
}

void Graphics::ClearBuffer(float red, float green, float blue) noexcept
{
	const float color[] = { red,green,blue,1.0f };
	pContext->ClearRenderTargetView(pTarget.Get(), color);
	pContext->ClearDepthStencilView(pDSView.Get(), D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH, 1.0f, 0u);
}

void Graphics::DrawTestTriangle(float angle, float x, float y)
{
	namespace wrl = Microsoft::WRL;
	HRESULT hr;

	struct Vertex
	{
		struct
		{
			float x;
			float y;
			float z;
		} pos;
	};

	// create vertex buffer (8 vertices for one cube)
	const Vertex vertices[] =
	{
		// left bottom back
		{ -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f },
		// right bottom back
		{ 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f },
		// left top back
		{ -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f },
		// right top back
		{ 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f },

		// left bottom front
		{ -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f },
		// right bottom front
		{ 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f },
		// left top front
		{ -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
		// right top front
		{ 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
	};
	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11Buffer> pVertexBuffer;
	D3D11_BUFFER_DESC bd = {};
	bd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
	bd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
	bd.CPUAccessFlags = 0u;
	bd.MiscFlags = 0u;
	bd.ByteWidth = sizeof(vertices);
	bd.StructureByteStride = sizeof(Vertex);
	D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA sd = {};
	sd.pSysMem = vertices;
	GFX_THROW_INFO(pDevice->CreateBuffer(&bd, &sd, &pVertexBuffer));

	// Bind vertex buffer to pipeline
	const UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex);
	const UINT offset = 0u;
	pContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0u, 1u, pVertexBuffer.GetAddressOf(), &stride, &offset);

	// Create index buffer
	const unsigned short indices[] =
	{
		// back surface
		0, 2, 1,	2, 3, 1,
		// right surface
		1, 3, 5,    3, 7, 5,
		// top surface
		2, 6, 3,	3, 6, 7,
		// front surface
		4, 5, 7,	4, 7, 6,
		// left surface
		0, 4, 2,	2, 4, 6,
		// bottom surface
		0, 1, 4,	1, 5, 4,
	};
	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11Buffer> pIndexBuffer;
	D3D11_BUFFER_DESC ibd = {};
	ibd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;
	ibd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
	ibd.CPUAccessFlags = 0u;
	ibd.MiscFlags = 0u;
	ibd.ByteWidth = sizeof(indices);
	ibd.StructureByteStride = sizeof(unsigned short);
	D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA isd = {};
	isd.pSysMem = indices;
	GFX_THROW_INFO(pDevice->CreateBuffer(&ibd, &isd, &pIndexBuffer));

	// Bind index buffer to pipeline
	pContext->IASetIndexBuffer(pIndexBuffer.Get(), DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT, 0u);

	// Create constant buffer for transformation matrix
	struct ConstantBuffer
	{
		// Use extended mathematics matrix which is optmized for SIMD
		// SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) is available in mordern processors
		dx::XMMATRIX transform;
	};

	const float heightWidthRatio = 0.3f / 0.4f;
	const ConstantBuffer cb =
	{
		// transpose the matrix to change from row_major to column_major
		dx::XMMatrixTranspose(
			// rotate Z axis
			dx::XMMatrixRotationZ(-angle)
			// rotate X axis
			* dx::XMMatrixRotationX(-angle)
			// rotate Y axis
			* dx::XMMatrixRotationY(-angle)
			// attach the image to mouse
			* dx::XMMatrixTranslation( x, 0.0f, 4.0f + y )
			// projection
			* dx::XMMatrixPerspectiveLH( 1.0f, heightWidthRatio, 0.5f, 10.0f)
		)
	};
	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11Buffer> pConstantBuffer;
	D3D11_BUFFER_DESC cbd = {};
	cbd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;
	cbd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC;
	cbd.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE;
	cbd.MiscFlags = 0u;
	cbd.ByteWidth = sizeof(cb);
	cbd.StructureByteStride = 0u;
	D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA csd = {};
	csd.pSysMem = &cb;
	GFX_THROW_INFO(pDevice->CreateBuffer(&cbd, &csd, &pConstantBuffer));

	// Bind constant buffer to vertex
	pContext->VSSetConstantBuffers(0u, 1u, pConstantBuffer.GetAddressOf());

	// Create constant buffer for color
	struct ColorConstantBuffer
	{
		struct
		{
			float r;
			float g;
			float b;
			float a;
		} face_colors[6];
	};

	const ColorConstantBuffer ccb =
	{
		{
			{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f },
			{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },
			{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },
			{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f },
			{ 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },
			{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
		}
	};
	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11Buffer> pColorConstantBuffer;
	D3D11_BUFFER_DESC ccbd = {};
	ccbd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;
	ccbd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
	ccbd.CPUAccessFlags = 0u;
	ccbd.MiscFlags = 0u;
	ccbd.ByteWidth = sizeof(ccb);
	ccbd.StructureByteStride = 0u;
	D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA ccsd = {};
	ccsd.pSysMem = &ccb;
	GFX_THROW_INFO(pDevice->CreateBuffer(&ccbd, &ccsd, &pColorConstantBuffer));

	// Bind constant buffer to vertex
	pContext->PSSetConstantBuffers(0u, 1u, pColorConstantBuffer.GetAddressOf());

	// create pixel shader
	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11PixelShader> pPixelShader;
	wrl::ComPtr<ID3DBlob> pBlob;
	GFX_THROW_INFO(D3DReadFileToBlob(L"PixelShader.cso", &pBlob));
	GFX_THROW_INFO(pDevice->CreatePixelShader(pBlob->GetBufferPointer(), pBlob->GetBufferSize(), nullptr, &pPixelShader));

	// bind pixel shader
	pContext->PSSetShader(pPixelShader.Get(), nullptr, 0u);

	// create vertex shader
	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11VertexShader> pVertexShader;
	GFX_THROW_INFO(D3DReadFileToBlob(L"VertexShader.cso", &pBlob));
	GFX_THROW_INFO(pDevice->CreateVertexShader(pBlob->GetBufferPointer(), pBlob->GetBufferSize(), nullptr, &pVertexShader));

	// bind vertex shader
	pContext->VSSetShader(pVertexShader.Get(), nullptr, 0u);

	// create pixel shader
	// input (vertex) layout (2d position only)
	wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11InputLayout> pInputLayout;
	const D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC ied[] =
	{
		{ "Position",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,0,0,D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0 },
		//{ "Color",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,0,12,D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0 },
	};
	GFX_THROW_INFO(pDevice->CreateInputLayout(
		ied, (UINT)std::size(ied),
		pBlob->GetBufferPointer(),
		pBlob->GetBufferSize(),
		&pInputLayout
	));

	// bind vertex layout
	pContext->IASetInputLayout(pInputLayout.Get());

	// bind render target
	// After apply depth stencil view to Output Merger, we remove this one
	//pContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1u, pTarget.GetAddressOf(), nullptr);

	// Set primitive topology to triangle list (groups of 3 vertices)
	pContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);

	// configure viewport
	D3D11_VIEWPORT vp;
	vp.Width = 800;
	vp.Height = 600;
	vp.MinDepth = 0;
	vp.MaxDepth = 1;
	vp.TopLeftX = 0;
	vp.TopLeftY = 0;
	pContext->RSSetViewports(1u, &vp);

	//GFX_THROW_INFO_ONLY(pContext->Draw((UINT)std::size(vertices), 0u));
	GFX_THROW_INFO_ONLY(pContext->DrawIndexed((UINT)std::size(indices), 0u, 0u));
}

// Graphics exception stuff
Graphics::HrException::HrException(int line, const char* file, HRESULT hr, std::vector<std::string> infoMsgs) noexcept
	:
	Exception(line, file),
	hr(hr)
{
	// join all info messages with newlines into single string
	for (const auto& m : infoMsgs)
	{
		info += m;
		info.push_back('\n');
	}
	// remove final newline if exists
	if (!info.empty())
	{
		info.pop_back();
	}
}

const char* Graphics::HrException::what() const noexcept
{
	std::ostringstream oss;
	oss << GetType() << std::endl
		<< "[Error Code] 0x" << std::hex << std::uppercase << GetErrorCode()
		<< std::dec << " (" << (unsigned long)GetErrorCode() << ")" << std::endl
		<< "[Error String] " << GetErrorString() << std::endl
		<< "[Description] " << GetErrorDescription() << std::endl;
	if (!info.empty())
	{
		oss << "\n[Error Info]\n" << GetErrorInfo() << std::endl << std::endl;
	}
	oss << GetOriginString();
	whatBuffer = oss.str();
	return whatBuffer.c_str();
}

const char* Graphics::HrException::GetType() const noexcept
{
	return "Chili Graphics Exception";
}

HRESULT Graphics::HrException::GetErrorCode() const noexcept
{
	return hr;
}

std::string Graphics::HrException::GetErrorString() const noexcept
{
	return DXGetErrorString(hr);
}

std::string Graphics::HrException::GetErrorDescription() const noexcept
{
	char buf[512];
	DXGetErrorDescription(hr, buf, sizeof(buf));
	return buf;
}

std::string Graphics::HrException::GetErrorInfo() const noexcept
{
	return info;
}

const char* Graphics::DeviceRemovedException::GetType() const noexcept
{
	return "Chili Graphics Exception [Device Removed] (DXGI_ERROR_DEVICE_REMOVED)";
}

Graphics::InfoException::InfoException(int line, const char* file, std::vector<std::string> infoMsgs) noexcept
	:
	Exception(line, file)
{
	// join all info messages with newlines into single string
	for (const auto& m : infoMsgs)
	{
		info += m;
		info.push_back('\n');
	}
	// remove final newline if exists
	if (!info.empty())
	{
		info.pop_back();
	}
}


const char* Graphics::InfoException::what() const noexcept
{
	std::ostringstream oss;
	oss << GetType() << std::endl
		<< "\n[Error Info]\n" << GetErrorInfo() << std::endl << std::endl;
	oss << GetOriginString();
	whatBuffer = oss.str();
	return whatBuffer.c_str();
}

const char* Graphics::InfoException::GetType() const noexcept
{
	return "Chili Graphics Info Exception";
}

std::string Graphics::InfoException::GetErrorInfo() const noexcept
{
	return info;
}