add d3d11 graphic display

StudyDx/App.cpp

@@ -18,15 +18,12 @@ int App::Go()
 			return *ecode;
 		}
 		DoFrame();
-		// ȴ10룬ֹ
-		Sleep(10);
 	}
 }
 
 void App::DoFrame()
 {
-	const float t = timer.Peek();
-	std::ostringstream oss;
-	oss << "Time elapsed: " << std::setprecision(1) << std::fixed << t << "s";
-	wnd.SetTitle(oss.str());
+	const float c = sin(timer.Peek()) / 2.0f + 0.5f;
+	wnd.Gfx().ClearBuffer(c, c, 1.0f);
+	wnd.Gfx().EndFrame();
 }
\ No newline at end of file

StudyDx/Graphics.cpp

+#include "Graphics.h"
+
+#pragma comment(lib,"d3d11.lib")
+
+Graphics::Graphics( HWND hWnd )
+{
+	// 交换链的参数定义
+	DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd = {};
+	sd.BufferDesc.Width = 0;
+	sd.BufferDesc.Height = 0;
+	sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
+	sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 0;
+	sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 0;
+	sd.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
+	sd.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
+	sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
+	sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
+	sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
+	sd.BufferCount = 1;
+	sd.OutputWindow = hWnd;
+	sd.Windowed = TRUE;
+	sd.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
+	sd.Flags = 0;
+
+	// create device and front/back buffers, and swap chain and rendering context
+	// 创建Device，SwapChain和Context
+	D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(
+		nullptr,
+		D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
+		nullptr,
+		0,
+		nullptr,
+		0,
+		D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
+		&sd,
+		&pSwap,
+		&pDevice,
+		nullptr,
+		&pContext
+	);
+	// gain access to texture subresource in swap chain (back buffer)
+	// 定义指向backBuffer的指针
+	ID3D11Resource* pBackBuffer = nullptr;
+	// 通过SwapChian，取得backBuffer
+	pSwap->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Resource), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pBackBuffer));
+	// 取得指向属于backBuffer的View的指针
+	pDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(
+		pBackBuffer,
+		nullptr,
+		&pTarget
+	);
+	pBackBuffer->Release();
+}
+
+Graphics::~Graphics()
+{
+	// 释放View, Context, SwapChain和Device
+	if (pTarget != nullptr)
+	{
+		pTarget->Release();
+	}
+	if( pContext != nullptr )
+	{
+		pContext->Release();
+	}
+	if( pSwap != nullptr )
+	{
+		pSwap->Release();
+	}
+	if( pDevice != nullptr )
+	{
+		pDevice->Release();
+	}
+}
+
+void Graphics::EndFrame()
+{
+	// flipping，使用SwapChain将back buffer的内容展现到屏幕
+	pSwap->Present( 1u,0u );  // 同步频率1，代表屏幕每刷新一次，就进行图形刷新。
+}
+
+void Graphics::ClearBuffer(float red, float green, float blue) noexcept
+{
+	const float color[] = { red,green,blue,1.0f };
+	pContext->ClearRenderTargetView(pTarget, color);
+}
\ No newline at end of file

StudyDx/Graphics.h

+#pragma once
+#include "ChiliWin.h"
+#include <d3d11.h>
+
+class Graphics
+{
+public:
+	Graphics( HWND hWnd );
+	Graphics( const Graphics& ) = delete;
+	Graphics& operator=( const Graphics& ) = delete;
+	~Graphics();
+	void EndFrame();
+	// 刷新RGB
+	void ClearBuffer(float red, float green, float blue) noexcept;
+private:
+	// 指向Device的指针
+	ID3D11Device* pDevice = nullptr;
+	// 指向交换链的指针
+	IDXGISwapChain* pSwap = nullptr;
+	// 指向Context的指针
+	ID3D11DeviceContext* pContext = nullptr;
+	// 指向View的指针
+	ID3D11RenderTargetView* pTarget = nullptr;
+};
\ No newline at end of file

StudyDx/StudyDx.vcxproj

@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="App.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="ChiliException.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="ChiliTimer.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="Graphics.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="Keyboard.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="Mouse.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="Window.cpp" />
@@ -151,6 +152,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="ChiliException.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="ChiliTimer.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="ChiliWin.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="Graphics.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="Keyboard.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="Mouse.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="resource.h" />

StudyDx/StudyDx.vcxproj.filters

@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@
     <ClCompile Include="ChiliTimer.cpp">
       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="Graphics.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="ChiliException.h">
@@ -68,6 +71,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="ChiliTimer.h">
       <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="Graphics.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ResourceCompile Include="StudyDx.rc">

StudyDx/Window.cpp

@@ -112,8 +112,10 @@ Window::Window( int width,int height,const char* name )
 	{
 		throw CHWND_LAST_EXCEPT();
 	}
-	// show window
+	// newly created windows start off as hidden
 	ShowWindow( hWnd,SW_SHOWDEFAULT );
+	// create graphics object
+	pGfx = std::make_unique<Graphics>(hWnd);
 }
 
 Window::~Window()
@@ -152,6 +154,11 @@ std::optional<int> Window::ProcessMessages()
 	return {};
 }
 
+Graphics& Window::Gfx()
+{
+	return *pGfx;
+}
+
 LRESULT CALLBACK Window::HandleMsgSetup( HWND hWnd,UINT msg,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam ) noexcept
 {
 	// use create parameter passed in from CreateWindow() to store window class pointer at WinAPI side

StudyDx/Window.h

@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
 #include "ChiliException.h"
 #include "Keyboard.h"
 #include "Mouse.h"
+#include "Graphics.h"
 #include <optional>
+#include <memory>
 
 
 class Window
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ public:
 	Window& operator=(const Window&) = delete;
 	void SetTitle(const std::string& title);
 	static std::optional<int> ProcessMessages();
+	Graphics& Gfx();
 private:
 	static LRESULT CALLBACK HandleMsgSetup(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) noexcept;
 	static LRESULT CALLBACK HandleMsgThunk(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) noexcept;
@@ -74,6 +77,8 @@ private:
 	int width;
 	int height;
 	HWND hWnd;
+	// 成员变量gfx在Window的构造函数执行的过程中才会被初始化，因此定义指针变量，用于初始化gfx
+	std::unique_ptr<Graphics> pGfx;
 };