add more basic scripts

.gitignore

+# Exclude all files
+*
+
+# Include all folders
+!**/
+
+# Include all cpp file under all folder
+!**/*.cpp
+
+# Include .gitignore itself
+!.gitignore
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01.Basic/Array.cpp

+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+
+    // 申明
+    cout << "Declaration" << endl;
+    string cars[4] = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
+    cout << cars[0] << endl;
+
+    // 修改
+    cout << "Modificaiton" << endl;
+    cars[0] = "Opel";
+    cout << cars[0] << endl;
+
+    // 循环
+    cout << "for loop" << endl;
+    string vehicles[5] = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda", "Tesla"};
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+        cout << vehicles[i] << endl;
+    }
+
+    // 循环2
+    cout << "for each loop" << endl;
+    int myNumbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
+    for (int i : myNumbers) {
+        cout << i << endl;
+    }
+
+    // 省略大小
+    cout << "Omit size during declaration" << endl;
+    string pc[3] = {"Lenovo", "HP", "Dell"}; // Also three arrays
+    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(pc) / sizeof(string); i++) {
+        cout << pc[i] << endl;
+    }
+
+    // 获取大小
+    cout << "Get size" << endl;
+    cout << sizeof(pc) / sizeof(string) << endl;
+
+    // 多维数组
+    cout << "Loop multi-dimension" << endl;
+    string letters[2][4] = {
+        { "A", "B", "C", "D" },
+        { "E", "F", "G", "H" }
+    };
+    cout << letters[0][2] << endl;
+
+    // 循环多维数组
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+            cout << letters[i][j] << " ";
+        }
+        cout << endl;
+    } 
+
+}
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01.Basic/GetInput.cpp

+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+
+    // 输入数字
+    int x, y;
+    int sum;
+    cout << "Type a number: ";
+    cin >> x;
+    cout << "Type another number: ";
+    cin >> y;
+    sum = x + y;
+    cout << "Sum is: " << sum << endl;
+
+    // 输入字符串
+    string firstName, lastName;
+    cout << "Type your first name: ";
+    cin >> firstName; // get user input from the keyboard
+    cout << "Type your last name: ";
+    cin >> lastName; // get user input from the keyboard
+    cout << "Your name is: " << firstName << " " << lastName << endl;
+
+}
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01.Basic/HitShip.cpp

+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+
+    // We put "1" to indicate there is a ship.
+    bool ships[4][4] = {
+        { 0, 1, 1, 0 },
+        { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+        { 0, 0, 1, 0 },
+        { 0, 0, 1, 0 }
+    };
+
+    // Keep track of how many hits the player has and how many turns they have played in these variables
+    int hits = 0;
+    int numberOfTurns = 0;
+
+    // Allow the player to keep going until they have hit all four ships
+    while (hits < 4) {
+        int row, column;
+
+        cout << "Selecting coordinates\n";
+
+        // Ask the player for a row
+        cout << "Choose a row number between 0 and 3: ";
+        cin >> row;
+
+        // Ask the player for a column
+        cout << "Choose a column number between 0 and 3: ";
+        cin >> column;
+
+        // Check if a ship exists in those coordinates
+        if (ships[row][column]) {
+            // If the player hit a ship, remove it by setting the value to zero.
+            ships[row][column] = 0;
+
+            // Increase the hit counter
+            hits++;
+
+            // Tell the player that they have hit a ship and how many ships are left
+            cout << "Hit! " << (4-hits) << " left.\n\n";
+        } else {
+            // Tell the player that they missed
+            cout << "Miss\n\n";
+        }
+
+        // Count how many turns the player has taken
+        numberOfTurns++;
+    }
+
+    cout << "Victory!\n";
+    cout << "You won in " << numberOfTurns << " turns"; 
+
+}
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01.Basic/Loop.cpp

+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+
+    // while loop
+    cout << "while loop:" << endl;
+    int i = 0;
+    while (i < 5) {
+        cout << i << endl;
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    // do while loop
+    i = 0;
+    cout << "do while loop:" << endl;
+    do {
+        cout << i << endl;
+        i++;
+    }
+    while (i < 5);
+
+    // for loop
+    cout << "for loop:" << endl;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+        cout << i << endl;
+    }
+
+    // for each loop
+    cout << "for each loop:" << endl;
+    int myNumbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
+    for (int i : myNumbers) {
+        cout << i << endl;
+    }
+
+    // break
+    cout << "break:" << endl;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        if (i == 4) {
+            break;
+        }
+        cout << i << endl;
+    }
+
+    // continue
+    cout << "continue:" << endl;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        if (i == 4) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        cout << i << endl;
+    } 
+}
\ No newline at end of file

01.Basic/Pointer.cpp

+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+
+    string food = "Pizza"; // A food variable of type string
+
+    cout << "Output value and address by variable and reference" << endl;
+    cout << food << endl;  // Outputs the value of food (Pizza)
+    cout << &food << endl; // Outputs the memory address of food (0x6dfed4)
+
+    // 定义指针
+    cout << "Output value and address by pointer" << endl;
+    string* ptr = &food;
+    cout << *ptr << endl;
+    cout << ptr << endl;
+
+    // 修改指针指向内存的值
+    cout << "Modify value by pointer" << endl;
+    *ptr = "Hamburger";
+    // 指针指向变量的值也被改变了
+    cout << food << endl;
+    
+}
\ No newline at end of file

01.Basic/Reference.cpp

+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+
+    string food = "Pizza";
+    string &meal = food;
+
+    cout << food << endl;  // Outputs Pizza
+    cout << meal << endl;  // Outputs Pizza
+
+    // Get memory address
+    cout << &food << endl; // Outputs like 0x6dfed4
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file

01.Basic/String.cpp

+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+
+    string greeting = "Hello"; 
+    cout << greeting << endl;
+
+    string firstName = "John";
+    string lastName = "Doe";
+    string fullName = firstName + " " + lastName;
+    cout << fullName << endl; 
+
+    fullName = firstName.append(" ").append(lastName);
+    cout << fullName << endl; 
+
+    cout << "The length of the txt string is: " << fullName.length() << endl;
+
+    // 竖着打印
+    for (int i = 0; i < fullName.length(); i++) {
+        cout << fullName[i] << endl;
+    }
+
+    // 转义字符
+    cout << "We are the so-called \"Vikings\" from the north." << endl;
+}
\ No newline at end of file

01.Basic/Struct.cpp

+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+
+    // Create a structure variable called myStructure
+    struct {
+        int myNum;
+        string myString;
+    } myStructure;
+
+    // Assign values to members of myStructure
+    myStructure.myNum = 1;
+    myStructure.myString = "Hello World!";
+
+    // Print members of myStructure
+    cout << myStructure.myNum << endl;
+    cout << myStructure.myString << endl;
+
+}
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01.Basic/Switch.cpp

+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+
+    char mode;
+    cout << "Please choose mode (A/B/C): ";
+    cin >> mode;
+
+    switch(mode) {
+    case 'A':
+        cout << "Mode: " << mode << endl;
+        break;
+    case 'B':
+        cout << "Mode: " << mode << endl;
+        break;
+    case 'C':
+        cout << "Mode: " << mode << endl;
+        break;
+    default:
+        cout << "Invalid mode!" << endl;
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file

01.Basic/VariableBasicType.cpp

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ int main(){
      * char          : -128 到 127 或者 0 到 255
      * unsigned char : 0 到 255
      *******************************************/
-    char char_min, char_max, char_A, char_overflow;
+    char unsigned char_min, char_max, char_A, char_overflow;
     char_min = int(0);
     char_max = int(255);
     char_A = int(65);